3 Class ES
Ø The blind people use Braille script
to read. This script was invented by Louis Braille.
French teacher and advocate for the blind
Louis Braille designed the coding system, based on patterns of raised dots, by which the blind can read through touch.
Ø The 1st day of October every year is celebrated as the ‘Senior citizens Day’ all over the world.
Ø In
Polo, the ball is struck with a bat by the player riding on a horse.
The teeth that appear in children from 6th or 7th month onwards, for the first time are
called 'Milk teeth'. They fall off at the age of 8 or 9 years. In their place new, strong and big teeth grow and are known as 'Permanent teeth'.
Twigs of Acyranthus (Uttareni), Derris indica (Kanuga), Neem and Acacia (Babool) are used to brush the teeth or use tooth paste / powder and tooth brush for cleaning.
Skin is the largest organ in the human body. It covers an area of 1 1/2 Sq.metres and weighs 4 kilograms
Heart supplies blood to all parts of the body. Blood is a fluid tissue
made of plasma
three types of blood cells. They are Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white
blood Corpuscles (WBC), and Blood platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all the cells of our body.
White blood cells fight against the disease causing germs. Blood platelets help in coagulation of blood.
The size of one's heart is the same as one's own first.
There are 206 bones in our bod
Dr.Beamont discovered many secrets of the digestive system by conducting
many experiments.
Gond's traditional dance. Gonds decorated with peacock feathers perform the special
dance called Gussadi.
A Nagoba fair is very a important fair of the Gondus. Nagoba temple is located at
Kesapur village of Indravelli Mandal in Adilabad district.
Five days fair is held every year and Gonds from other
states also participate in this.
The Chenchu people live in Nallamala forests of our Telangana state. Mainly, they are found
in the Mahaboobnagar District, Kurnool, Guntur and Prakasham
Districts of A.P. They speak Chenchu which is similar to Telugu.
Chenchus are not interested in money, savings and other things
Chenchus live in 'Pentas' like sunni penta. (Huts)
Bonds tribals live in the dense forests and hills of Aruku valley in Odissa. They are also known as Bondo and Poroju. The language spoken by them is 'Remo'.their weekly fair 'Hatha and exchange forest procudes as per their requirement is called 'BINIMAY PRODHA' or Barter System. Agriculture is humm.select some place in the forest, cut the trees and clear the land to make it convenient for cultivation.After growing two or three crops there, they leave it and go for another land. This agriculture is called 'Jhumming'.
Bonda women have great skills in making this cloth. First they soak the jute
plants in the water of streams and lakes nearby for 2 to 3 days. Then they weed out
thread from them and dry them for three days under the sun. They collect different
colours from the forest and mix these with the thread and make the clothes on
loom. (Maggamu). They stich tiny and beautiful mirrors to these clothes.
Paper is made from trees of bamboo, Eukalyptus, Subabul etc.,
The tribes Gonds, Kolami, Pradhan and Thoti live in Adilabad. The tribes Savara, Konda, Adivasi, Oriya, Kuvi, Gadaba live in the forests of Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram and Visakhapatnam of A.P. The tribals belonging to koya live in Khammam of Telangana, West and East Godavari
districts of A.P. Konda Redlu and Koya live in Khammam district of Telangana.
The Banjara tribe live in Warangal and in other districts
The forests occupy 6,92,027 sq.kms (21.5%) of land area in our country, Madhya Pradesh
occupies first place in terms of forests with 77,000 sq.kms. Khammam district occupies first place
with 43.23% forest area.
Carbon-dioxide levels have increased in the atmosphere due to the destruction
of trees. Due to this, the earth gets heated. This is called 'Glogal Warming'.
This results in less rain fall.
The river Godavari, originates its journey from the hills of Brahmagiri of
the Western Ghats at Triambakeshwar, in the district of Nasik in Maharashtra.
It enters our state at Basar in Adilabad district. To reach our state it travels
1465 kms. In our Telangana state it flows through the districts of Adilabad,
Karimnagar, Warangal, Khamman and in A.P. East Godavari and West
Godavari. Its flow, separates the districts of Adilabad and Karimnagar and
Also East and West Godavari of A.P. This river divides into three parts and finally
meets the Bay of Bengal at Antarvedi, in East Godavari and Yanam
Hilsa ilisha. Its a salt water fish. For breeding, it migrates to fresh water. In the months of august-september, the water in the river Godavari turns red due to floods. During this
time, these fish travel 1200 km in the ocean and enter the Godavari districts to lay eggs. Again,
in the next two months, the young ones swim back to the ocean. Thus, when they swim to
the river, they are caught in the nets The researches prove that these fish are
rich in omega 2 fatty acids and are good for health
The first dam built on the river Godavari is at Gangapur supplies drinking
water to the cities of Nasik and Triambakeshwar.other projects on it are
Jayakawadi. Sri Ram Sagar, Dhavaleshwaram for Maharastra and AP states.
Devadula Ethipothala Programme for irrigation and for providing
drinking water to towns but also for preventing floods and for the
production of electricity to kareemnagar , nalagonda and warangal districts.
The expanded area of the Godavari river and its irrigated area is 3,12,812
sq.km. This is 1/10th of the Indian sub continent land
Kumbha Mela is celebrated at Nasik.
Triambakeswar is among the twelve important jyothirlingas of lord Shiva.
Paithan was the kingdom of the Satavahanas.
In Nanded, the famous Sachkhand Gurudwara is located. The famous
Saraswati temple, is located at Basar in Telangana.
Out of Saraswati Temples in India,one is in Kashmir and the second is Basara
Gnana Saraswati temple.built on the bank of river Godavari in Adilabad district of
Telangana State during the period of Chalukyas
Nirmal is famous for toys. The temples like Laxmi Narasimha Swamy at
Dharmapuri, Rama temple at Bhadrachalam and Goutamishwara at Mavithani are
the centres of religious importance
Air has pressure, weight and it occupies space (volume). These are the properties of air
The layers of air around the earth is called atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere
is classified into 5 layers based on the differences in temperature. They are (1) Troposphere, (2) Stratosphere (3) Mesophere, (4) Thermosphere and (5) Exosphere
The layer nearest to the earth's surface is Troposphere.
The movement of earth around is called "Rotation". Earth not only rotates around itself but also, revolves round the sun. This is called "Revolution".
Moon rotates in a fixed circular orbit around the earth. It takes 28 days for one revolution. Moon
is a non-luminous body Moon revolves around Earth and Earth revolves around the sun.
Moon is the natural satellite of the earth. An object which revolves around a planet is called its
satellite.
If you dial 104, free medical suggestions are given
Monument District Built by
Orugallu Warangal Kakatiyas
Gadwal Mahabubnagar Somanadri
Golconda Hyderabad Quli Qutub Shah
Rachakoonda Nalgonda Recharla Singama Nayaka
Domakonda Nizamabad Kamineni dynasty
Bhuvanagiri Nalgonda Tribhuvana Malla Vikramaditya
Devarakonda Nalgonda Recharla PadmaNayaka
Khammam Qila Khammam Kakatiya Kings
Medak Qila Medak Prathaparudra
Falaknuma Hyderabad Sir Viquar-Ul-Umra
The founder of Vanaparti estate was Janu Veera Krishna Reddy. He lived in
Patapalli in 1510 A.D. Later he built a fort in Sugur near patapalli and shifted his
residence to Sugur. It was named as sugur estate from then onwards. The sugur
estate was a subordinate kingdom under Golkonda Sultans. In those days Golkonda
was ruled by sultan Quli Qutub Shah. Estate rulers were called as Reddy Rajulu
(Reddy Kings).
Capitals of Wanaparti Estate
Patapalli
↓
Sugur
↓
Peddajanam peta
↓
Kothakota
↓
Srirangapuram
↓
Wanaparti
Out of fifteen generations that ruled Vanaparti estate from 1510 A.D. to 1948
A.D. there were seventeen kings and six queens, The Kings of this estate worked
hard for the development of agriculture. They constructed 7 huge tanks in the
villages that fall under the range of the estate
After India became independent, Sardar Vallabah Bhai Patel merged all the
estates in the Indian Union. Small Estates in our state were also merged.
• Nizam’s estate was the last in the country to merge in the Indian Union.
Seven Seas (Sapta Samudras)
1. Sankara Sea - Kanayapalli
2, Ranga Sea - Sri Rangapuram
3. Veera Sea - Thatipamula
4. Mahabhupal Sea - Pebberu
5. Krishna Sea - Sankiredypalli
6. Gopala Sea - Velturu
7. Rama Sea - Rayinpeta
Raja Rameshwara Rao, one of the rulers of Vanaparti estate constructed
Sarala Sagar after his mother Saraladevi. Its speciality is that the gates of this
tank get open by themselves when the tank is full. This is called syphon
system. It is the first in Asia to be constructed using such technology
Reddy Kings brought men and material from Germany to make walls and roof
designs of the buildings.
Vanaparti Kings builtmoney (152 Pg 5ES) temples. Among them Bahiri Gopala Rao visited temples in Tirupati, Kanchi Srirangapatnam and built Sri Ranganayaka Swamy temple in Sri Rangapuram. This temple is called as Northern Sri Ranga kshetra.
Among the Reddy Kings Bahiri Gopala Rao was a scholar in eight languages.
. Hence he was called as “Ashta Bhasha Kovidulu” Many are patrons of literature and poets such as Pavuram Rangachargulu of this estate was the author of more than a hundred books. He participated in the literary discussions with Tirupati Venkata Kavi. Kadukuntla Papa Shastri, author of Bhramarambika Samvadam, Anumula Venkata Subrahmanya Shastri, author of Sri
Krishna Charitra Sangraham and Kavyagutcham .
to measure the lands and then tax was imposed region wise 1) Sugur region 2) Vanaparti
region 3) Keshampeta region.Sugur Sikkas : Nizam King Sikandar Shah permitted Ramakrishna Rao to
print coins named as Sugur Sikkas.They were also valid in nizam kingdom.
Sunlight water and wind never get exhausted. These are called renewable resources.
In our country, Gujarat uses solar energy to the maximum extent
Nagarjuna sagar project in Nalgonda district in Telangana and Srisailam project
in Kurnool district in Andhra pradesh use stored water to generate electricity
electricity generated using the water is called hydro electricity.
Water is sent through pipes called penstock to run the turbines. When these turbines
rotate electricity is generated. This electricity is supplied from power houses through
transformers. The power stations where electricity is generated from water are
called 'Hydro electric power stations'. Electricity is generated even with water vapour
that is produced when water is heated with coal. This is called thermal electricity
There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India. New Delhi is the capital of India. India
occupies 7th place in the world on the basis of area. There are Vindhya and Satpura mountains
in the central part of India. The land to the north of Vindhya mountains is called north India and
the land to the south is called south India
Himalayas of India, Andes mountains of South America Alps mountains of Europe
4th ES
4th
Class ES
Ø
Ø Right to
Information Act has been implemented on 12th October, 2005
Ø Udaipur which
is in the state of Rajasthan is called the city of lakes
Ø in
Udaipur 'Pichola' lake was an important one. It was built in 1362 by Banjaras
Ø All the
places in Udaipur were built on the banks of these lakes. Among them 'Jagnivas'
and 'City palace' are important
Ø Archeology
department carries out excavations to know about our past
Ø John
Marshall who belonged to Britain carried out excavations near river Indus in
1922. Due to this, Harappan civilization came to light.
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization after Harappa ,Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE;
Indus valley
civilization was an urban civilization, cities were built in a planned manner.
There was an organised construction of big buildings and streets. Agriculture
was the main occupation of the Harappan people. Wheat, paddy and barley were
the important crops. They used to make different articles using metals like
copper, bronze lead and aluminium. They traded with West Asia and Egypt. Their
important port was "Lothal". They worshipped Lord Shiva and Mother
Earth. They had a pictorial script
tykrograma life span is only one week. It
destroy the eggs of the enemy insects that infect the crops.
Crops in Telangana State:
tykrograma life span is only one week. It
destroy the eggs of the enemy insects that infect the crops.
Crops in Telangana State:
5th ES
distance between the television and our eye must be not less than two and half metres (2.5 m).
called 'Milk teeth'. They fall off at the age of 8 or 9 years. In their place new, strong and big teeth grow and are known as 'Permanent teeth'.
Twigs of Acyranthus (Uttareni), Derris indica (Kanuga), Neem and Acacia (Babool) are used to brush the teeth or use tooth paste / powder and tooth brush for cleaning.
Skin is the largest organ in the human body. It covers an area of 1 1/2 Sq.metres and weighs 4 kilograms
Heart supplies blood to all parts of the body. Blood is a fluid tissue
made of plasma
three types of blood cells. They are Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white
blood Corpuscles (WBC), and Blood platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all the cells of our body.
White blood cells fight against the disease causing germs. Blood platelets help in coagulation of blood.
The size of one's heart is the same as one's own first.
There are 206 bones in our bod
Dr.Beamont discovered many secrets of the digestive system by conducting
many experiments.
Gond's traditional dance. Gonds decorated with peacock feathers perform the special
dance called Gussadi.
A Nagoba fair is very a important fair of the Gondus. Nagoba temple is located at
Kesapur village of Indravelli Mandal in Adilabad district.
Five days fair is held every year and Gonds from other
states also participate in this.
The Chenchu people live in Nallamala forests of our Telangana state. Mainly, they are found
in the Mahaboobnagar District, Kurnool, Guntur and Prakasham
Districts of A.P. They speak Chenchu which is similar to Telugu.
Chenchus are not interested in money, savings and other things
Chenchus live in 'Pentas' like sunni penta. (Huts)
Bonds tribals live in the dense forests and hills of Aruku valley in Odissa. They are also known as Bondo and Poroju. The language spoken by them is 'Remo'.their weekly fair 'Hatha and exchange forest procudes as per their requirement is called 'BINIMAY PRODHA' or Barter System. Agriculture is humm.select some place in the forest, cut the trees and clear the land to make it convenient for cultivation.After growing two or three crops there, they leave it and go for another land. This agriculture is called 'Jhumming'.
Bonda women have great skills in making this cloth. First they soak the jute
plants in the water of streams and lakes nearby for 2 to 3 days. Then they weed out
thread from them and dry them for three days under the sun. They collect different
colours from the forest and mix these with the thread and make the clothes on
loom. (Maggamu). They stich tiny and beautiful mirrors to these clothes.
Paper is made from trees of bamboo, Eukalyptus, Subabul etc.,
The tribes Gonds, Kolami, Pradhan and Thoti live in Adilabad. The tribes Savara, Konda, Adivasi, Oriya, Kuvi, Gadaba live in the forests of Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram and Visakhapatnam of A.P. The tribals belonging to koya live in Khammam of Telangana, West and East Godavari
districts of A.P. Konda Redlu and Koya live in Khammam district of Telangana.
The Banjara tribe live in Warangal and in other districts
The forests occupy 6,92,027 sq.kms (21.5%) of land area in our country, Madhya Pradesh
occupies first place in terms of forests with 77,000 sq.kms. Khammam district occupies first place
with 43.23% forest area.
Carbon-dioxide levels have increased in the atmosphere due to the destruction
of trees. Due to this, the earth gets heated. This is called 'Glogal Warming'.
This results in less rain fall.
The river Godavari, originates its journey from the hills of Brahmagiri of
the Western Ghats at Triambakeshwar, in the district of Nasik in Maharashtra.
It enters our state at Basar in Adilabad district. To reach our state it travels
1465 kms. In our Telangana state it flows through the districts of Adilabad,
Karimnagar, Warangal, Khamman and in A.P. East Godavari and West
Godavari. Its flow, separates the districts of Adilabad and Karimnagar and
Also East and West Godavari of A.P. This river divides into three parts and finally
meets the Bay of Bengal at Antarvedi, in East Godavari and Yanam
Hilsa ilisha. Its a salt water fish. For breeding, it migrates to fresh water. In the months of august-september, the water in the river Godavari turns red due to floods. During this
time, these fish travel 1200 km in the ocean and enter the Godavari districts to lay eggs. Again,
in the next two months, the young ones swim back to the ocean. Thus, when they swim to
the river, they are caught in the nets The researches prove that these fish are
rich in omega 2 fatty acids and are good for health
The first dam built on the river Godavari is at Gangapur supplies drinking
water to the cities of Nasik and Triambakeshwar.other projects on it are
Jayakawadi. Sri Ram Sagar, Dhavaleshwaram for Maharastra and AP states.
Devadula Ethipothala Programme for irrigation and for providing
drinking water to towns but also for preventing floods and for the
production of electricity to kareemnagar , nalagonda and warangal districts.
The expanded area of the Godavari river and its irrigated area is 3,12,812
sq.km. This is 1/10th of the Indian sub continent land
Kumbha Mela is celebrated at Nasik.
Triambakeswar is among the twelve important jyothirlingas of lord Shiva.
Paithan was the kingdom of the Satavahanas.
In Nanded, the famous Sachkhand Gurudwara is located. The famous
Saraswati temple, is located at Basar in Telangana.
Out of Saraswati Temples in India,one is in Kashmir and the second is Basara
Gnana Saraswati temple.built on the bank of river Godavari in Adilabad district of
Telangana State during the period of Chalukyas
Nirmal is famous for toys. The temples like Laxmi Narasimha Swamy at
Dharmapuri, Rama temple at Bhadrachalam and Goutamishwara at Mavithani are
the centres of religious importance
Air has pressure, weight and it occupies space (volume). These are the properties of air
The layers of air around the earth is called atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere
is classified into 5 layers based on the differences in temperature. They are (1) Troposphere, (2) Stratosphere (3) Mesophere, (4) Thermosphere and (5) Exosphere
The layer nearest to the earth's surface is Troposphere.
The movement of earth around is called "Rotation". Earth not only rotates around itself but also, revolves round the sun. This is called "Revolution".
Moon rotates in a fixed circular orbit around the earth. It takes 28 days for one revolution. Moon
is a non-luminous body Moon revolves around Earth and Earth revolves around the sun.
Moon is the natural satellite of the earth. An object which revolves around a planet is called its
satellite.
If you dial 104, free medical suggestions are given
Monument District Built by
Orugallu Warangal Kakatiyas
Gadwal Mahabubnagar Somanadri
Golconda Hyderabad Quli Qutub Shah
Rachakoonda Nalgonda Recharla Singama Nayaka
Domakonda Nizamabad Kamineni dynasty
Bhuvanagiri Nalgonda Tribhuvana Malla Vikramaditya
Devarakonda Nalgonda Recharla PadmaNayaka
Khammam Qila Khammam Kakatiya Kings
Medak Qila Medak Prathaparudra
Falaknuma Hyderabad Sir Viquar-Ul-Umra
The founder of Vanaparti estate was Janu Veera Krishna Reddy. He lived in
Patapalli in 1510 A.D. Later he built a fort in Sugur near patapalli and shifted his
residence to Sugur. It was named as sugur estate from then onwards. The sugur
estate was a subordinate kingdom under Golkonda Sultans. In those days Golkonda
was ruled by sultan Quli Qutub Shah. Estate rulers were called as Reddy Rajulu
(Reddy Kings).
Capitals of Wanaparti Estate
Patapalli
↓
Sugur
↓
Peddajanam peta
↓
Kothakota
↓
Srirangapuram
↓
Wanaparti
Out of fifteen generations that ruled Vanaparti estate from 1510 A.D. to 1948
A.D. there were seventeen kings and six queens, The Kings of this estate worked
hard for the development of agriculture. They constructed 7 huge tanks in the
villages that fall under the range of the estate
After India became independent, Sardar Vallabah Bhai Patel merged all the
estates in the Indian Union. Small Estates in our state were also merged.
• Nizam’s estate was the last in the country to merge in the Indian Union.
Seven Seas (Sapta Samudras)
1. Sankara Sea - Kanayapalli
2, Ranga Sea - Sri Rangapuram
3. Veera Sea - Thatipamula
4. Mahabhupal Sea - Pebberu
5. Krishna Sea - Sankiredypalli
6. Gopala Sea - Velturu
7. Rama Sea - Rayinpeta
Raja Rameshwara Rao, one of the rulers of Vanaparti estate constructed
Sarala Sagar after his mother Saraladevi. Its speciality is that the gates of this
tank get open by themselves when the tank is full. This is called syphon
system. It is the first in Asia to be constructed using such technology
Reddy Kings brought men and material from Germany to make walls and roof
designs of the buildings.
Vanaparti Kings built
Among the Reddy Kings Bahiri Gopala Rao was a scholar in eight languages.
. Hence he was called as “Ashta Bhasha Kovidulu” Many are patrons of literature and poets such as Pavuram Rangachargulu of this estate was the author of more than a hundred books. He participated in the literary discussions with Tirupati Venkata Kavi. Kadukuntla Papa Shastri, author of Bhramarambika Samvadam, Anumula Venkata Subrahmanya Shastri, author of Sri
Krishna Charitra Sangraham and Kavyagutcham .
to measure the lands and then tax was imposed region wise 1) Sugur region 2) Vanaparti
region 3) Keshampeta region.Sugur Sikkas : Nizam King Sikandar Shah permitted Ramakrishna Rao to
print coins named as Sugur Sikkas.They were also valid in nizam kingdom.
Sunlight water and wind never get exhausted. These are called renewable resources.
In our country, Gujarat uses solar energy to the maximum extent
Nagarjuna sagar project in Nalgonda district in Telangana and Srisailam project
in Kurnool district in Andhra pradesh use stored water to generate electricity
electricity generated using the water is called hydro electricity.
Water is sent through pipes called penstock to run the turbines. When these turbines
rotate electricity is generated. This electricity is supplied from power houses through
transformers. The power stations where electricity is generated from water are
called 'Hydro electric power stations'. Electricity is generated even with water vapour
that is produced when water is heated with coal. This is called thermal electricity
There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India. New Delhi is the capital of India. India
occupies 7th place in the world on the basis of area. There are Vindhya and Satpura mountains
in the central part of India. The land to the north of Vindhya mountains is called north India and
the land to the south is called south India
Himalayas of India, Andes mountains of South America Alps mountains of Europe
